is peyote legal to grow in florida

Louisiana law prohibits psilocybin under the category of heroin and LSD, among others. Because of its extreme psychoactive reactions when it is consumed, it is listed in the People sometimes use the cacti to help with fever, skin problems, blindness, colds, diabetes and pain. ", Thailand's 'most beautiful transgender woman' and husband wear $580K in attire at extravagant wedding, Desperate mountain residents trapped by snow beg for help; 'We are coming,' sheriff says, U.S. court won't require FAA to make airplane seat size, spacing rules, Convicted killer Alex Murdaugh's new mugshot revealed after double life sentence, Rebel Wilson says she was banned from Disneyland for 30 days for taking a bathroom selfie, SoCal in for cool start to weekend, but light rain makes brief return, Grab a book, it's National Read Across America Day, Bishop James H. Morton, Georgia pastor with ties to Detroit, Aretha Franklin, dies. However, as in the vast majority of states in the country, mushroom spores are entirely legal. Peyote, is a type of cactus. Additionally, the active ingredients in each plant are different. If you experience any negative effects after taking peyote, it is best to seek medical help immediately. Mescaline produces hallucinations that are dream-like and often pleasant, while DMT produces intense and often frightening hallucinations. Possessing, selling, or manufacturing psilocybin mushrooms is a crime in Indiana. Truffles are available in stores called smart shops in Amsterdam. The distinction does not extend to other Native American groups that use peyote in religious ceremonies. The plants are slow-growing and can take up to ten years to reach maturity. Psilocybin is illegal in Vermont. 1996a, "Traditional Indian religious use of the peyote sacrament", exempting only use by Native American persons. Are magic mushrooms legal or decriminalized in Iowa? WebRecreational use of peyote is prohibited in all of the states and territories and by federal law. "Employment Division v Smith, 494 U. S. 872 :: Volume 494 :: 1990 "US Supreme Court Cases from Justia & Oyez. Those who eat peyote cacti or drink its tea report a bitter taste, one so overwhelming that many people become nauseous and wind up vomiting, sometimes violently. WebIn Florida, cannabis is still illegal at the state level, but many cities, including Orlando, have made it a summary offense (similar to a parking violation) instead of a criminal misdemeanor, to possess a small quantity of cannabis. Once harvested, the little button-shaped fruits can be eaten, brewed as a tea, or dried and crushed into a powder, which is loaded into capsules. The plant has been used for centuries by indigenous people for its psychoactive properties. Psilocybin is a Schedule I controlled substance under state law, and breaking it may lead to penalties such as steep fines or end up in prison. Astrophytum, lophophora, ariocarpus and many more. On the other hand, magic mushroom spores (used for cultivation) are legal in most states, as they do not contain either of these psychoactive chemicals. Cultivated specimens grow considerably faster, sometimes taking less than three years to go from seedling to mature flowering adult. Is peyote legal in Florida? Employment Division v Smith, 494 U. S. 872, Native American Church of New York v. United States, 468 F. Supp. They must report how much peyote they harvest from the wild, and renew their license every year. But before we do that, let's talk a little bit about the actual plant what is peyote? Yes magic mushrooms have been decriminalized in Seattle, Washington, but remain strictly illegal throughout the rest of the state. 1979). Our site is hacker safe and payments are processed via our worldwide trusted third party payment procesor. Aswecant control all human activities,wecanstart to save them by growing some at our own homes, at least somelophophorawill remainalive andcanbe reintroduced into the wild in the future. Mass production, distribution, and possession of psilocybin, or any illegal substance, constitutes a serious crime and could land you 20 years or more in prison. Maines approach to regulating psilocybin is quieter than most states. WebThe Legal Status of Entheogens in Florida. Recreational use of peyote is prohibited in all of the states and territories and by federal law. The legality of psilocybin in New Mexico is slightly different than in the rest of the country. However, peyote has been used by Native Americans for thousands of years in religious ceremonies and to treat physical ailments. For example, in June 2021, Governor Dan McKee proposed a pilot program of safe consumption sites where people can try and consume illicit drugs in a medically supervised environment. flowering peyote Averaging about eight centimetres (three inches) wide and five centimetres (two inches) tall, the body of the peyote cactus is spineless, soft, and, in most cases, blue-green to gray-green in colour. Peyote ( Lophophora williamsii) is a small, spineless cactus that is native to the Chihuahuan Desert in Mexico and the southwestern United States. It has no accepted medical uses in the United States. The penalties can range from 1 to 5 years in prison or $7500 in fines, Few people know that peyote is completely legal in Canada, as it has always been. After a $400 donation, church leaders will prepare you for your experience, which begins with a 24-hour fast and culminates with your drinking peyote tea. On the other hand, there is free access to magic mushroom spores because they do not contain any illegal compounds. I think it's because you can just eat the peyote buttons straight, whereas San Pedro has to be specially prepared. Peyote is a Schedule I substance regulated by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) and is illegal for non-Native people to possess. Laws regarding peyote vary in other nations. Sen. Jason Pizzo-Looking out at all the condo units in my city, some over 50 stories.and thinking how ridiculous it is that those who have @citizens_fla, are now required to have flood insurance.Your legislature isnt solving problems, theyre creating them. On the other hand, possession of spores is a misdemeanor, but cultivation is a felony. However, it is essential to know that the penalties for possession are very stiff, and you can spend a long time in prison or pay fines of thousands of dollars. In May 2019, Denver, Colorado, became the first city in the United States to decriminalize psilocybin mushrooms after an ordinance was admitted to the ballot, and narrowly won with 50.6% of the vote. I came out back here and I applied for my license, and I started selling peyote. Yes magic mushrooms are decriminalized in four municipalities in Massachusetts: Cambridge, Northampton, Somerville, and Easthampton. How Are Magic Mushrooms Regulated in the US? You must be a member of the NAC and at least 25% First Nations. Other Native American groups continue to strive for the legalization of peyote, but have not been successful thus far. Rising interest in psychedelic drugs, including peyote, is growing among recreational drug users and wellness providers, who promote the plants medicinal properties. However, if they find you with them, they might suspect you of growing psychedelic mushrooms. In May 2020, State Assemblywoman Linda Rosenthal introduced a bill that would remove psilocybin from the states list of controlled substances. In Puerto Rico, it is easy to find magic mushrooms in jungles such as in Luquillo, in the mangroves of the north of the island, and in the area around the Sarapa surfing spot in Vega Baja. He has contributed to the New York Times, the Washington Post, and Voice of America on various Indigenous issues in international conversation. As to whether they have a "good trip" or a "bad trip" can depend on the expectations of the users and the setting (is it taking place in a church, nightclub or doctor's office?). US v. Boyll expanded permitted use to all persons engaged in traditional Indian use, regardless of race. When consumed, mescaline can cause intense hallucinations and altered states of consciousness. On the first offense, it carries a maximum fine of $5,000. Anti-drug laws mean that it is, by and large, illegal to possess or consume peyote, so if you're caught with this cacti in the U.S. you may face fines or imprisonment. He believed that the denial of his petition went against his First Amendment right to freedom of religion. Mississippi is one of the states with the strictest laws regarding psilocybin. And the United Kingdom, it's legal to grow peyote, but not to prepare it for consumption. In Arizona, possession of any illegal substance is punishable by severe penalties. If you like our project and share the same passion you can donate to help your favourite cactus. However, this means that it does not use a specific statute to institute its own rules for scheduling or classifying substances. In this case, the Supreme Court decided in favor of the Native American Church of New York, announcing that it too would be protected under the Controlled Substances Act. Magic mushrooms are illegal in North Carolina, and possession is considered a felony. Cultivating Peyote. Alabama has fairly strict penalties regarding the possession and sale of psychedelic mushrooms. Mescaline is considered a schedule 9 substance in Australia under the Poisons Standard October 2022. Possessing or selling psilocybin in this state will lead to stiff fines or even jail time. This means it is illegal to manufacture, buy, possess, or distribute (sell, trade or give) without a DEA license. Are magic mushrooms legal or decriminalized in Washington? Full-fledged legalization of any psychedelic substance (LSD, magic mushrooms, or DMT) in the US is not likely to happen in our lifetimes. WebPeyote is known as a controlled substance under the US Controlled Substance Act. All drugs are decriminalized for personal use, including psychedelic mushrooms. By nowwedontproposelargecactus plants for sale, especially lophophora,as documents aremoreandmoredifficult togetfrom the agriculture department andwefeel really sad when aplantgetcaught and destroy bycustoms. However, there is some hope for change, as there are attempts to decriminalize psilocybin within the state effectively. It contains a hallucinogenic byproduct called mescaline. This law was passed as the Entheogenic Plants and Mushrooms Act of 2020, with an overwhelming majority of over 76% of voters. Summary: Whats the Future Of Magic Mushrooms in the US? The standard psychoactive dose of mescaline is between 200 to 400 milligrams. Are magic mushrooms legal or decriminalized in Montana? Psilocybin is a Schedule I substance under Floridas state statutes. Groovy News: Shrooms Help Reset Depressed Brain, Religious Freedom Acts Born Out of Peyote, Special Offer on Antivirus Software From HowStuffWorks and TotalAV Security, expectations of the users and the setting. It is a Schedule I substance, placing it in the same category of serious drugs as heroin. When consumed, mescaline causes hallucinations and alters perceptions of time and space. That said, in 1978, the state court declared that if wild mushrooms were going to be considered illegal, the statute should be rewritten. Portugal was one of the first countries in the world to decriminalize all drugs including psilocybin mushrooms. Are magic mushrooms legal or decriminalized in Ohio? The Mexican town of Real de Catorce, which is a homeland to many Huichol people, each year sees visitors from all over the world. At the US federal level, psilocybin is classified as a Schedule I controlled substance. As they grow, the cacti produce range of phenethylamine alkaloids, some of which have a distinctive hallucinogenic effect on humans. WebPeyote is extremely slow growing. San Pedro cactus (dried) 12 grams. Interestingly, psilocybin is put on the same level as hard drugs such as cocaine and heroin in this state. Some psychoactive cacti like San Pedro are legal to grow as an ornamental plant, but illegal to consume - L. williamsii is illegal even to grow. This is a list of the legal status of psychoactive cactus by country. The ingestion of Peyote The active ingredient in peyote is mescaline, a psychedelic substance that produces hallucinations and alters perception. Some countries have already moved to either legalize or decriminalize magic mushrooms and their active ingredients. In 1976, Alan Birnbaum, founder of his own Native American Church of New York, challenged the status quo by insisting that the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) "exempt the use of all psychedelic drugs in religious ceremonies of all churches that believe that psychedelic drugs are deities." We ship almost WORLDWIDE in a discreet way, and yes we also ship lophophora seeds and plants to the USA, AUSTRALIA, NZ, Europe. WebPeyote is extremely slow growing. Because the peyote cacti grows close to the ground, its habitat is being diminished to make way for other crops in the region. Precious Cactus. If you break this law, you will face harsh penalties such as jail time or high fines. Therefore, is not always so easy to come by. When it comes to psilocybin, Maine statutes maintain a position very similar to most states. Many Native Americans used peyotes for spiritual purposes because these drugs were considered sacred, especially among the Huichol Indians of Mexico and other churches in the Aztec Contact us to check if the phytosanitary can be made for your order. Peyote cactus event in Thailand. Because of this, the penalties for possession or sale can be very harsh, such as fines of thousands of dollars or jail time. Or, you could take part in a "spirit walk" orchestrated by the Peyote Way Church of God, which is located in a remote part of the Arizona desert. On Tuesday, leaders of the Native American Church of North America (NACNA) convened at the Department of the Interior to ask the federal About the Author: "Darren Thompson (Lac du Flambeau Ojibwe) is a staff reporter for Native News Online who is based in the Twin Cities of Minnesota. Many people confuse the terms legalization and decriminalization, thinking theyre synonyms. The case revolved around Alfred Smith and Galen Black, who had been fired for using peyote while working at a drug rehabilitation clinic. Magic mushrooms are considered a container for these illegal compounds and are, therefore, illegal by proxy. Along with other hallucinogenic drugs such as LSD, psilocybin is illegal by Nevada law. You can receive up to 30 days in jail and a $500 fine for possessing shrooms. Peyote ingestion was prohibited in 1970 when the Controlled Substance Act was passed by Congress, although the Native American Church was exempt from this law. Webflowage lake west branch, mi is peyote legal to grow in florida. The main purpose here is to help, save, conserve and preserve lophophorawilliamsiiand all endangered species. However, the sale of this substance without a certificate is punishable by heavy fines or even imprisonment. December 4, 2022 by Normandi Valdez. If the trip goes badly, mood swings, paranoia or panic may occur. Are magic mushrooms legal or decriminalized in Colorado? Users may also smoke the dried version. In Oklahoma, a hard line against illegal drug use imposes lengthy prison sentences for minor offenders. Currently, there are only four licensed peyote distributors in You can face very harsh consequences with these types of offenses, including jail time. According to Iowa Code Ann. Our purpose is to inform and share our passion, and refrain people from destroying such beautiful plants that can lead to early extinction. Webwhittier union high school district superintendent. NACNA is requesting $5 million in federal funding for a new program to be established either by the USDAs existing Conservation Reserve Program or as a stand-alone grant program to be administered by DOIs Office of the Assistant Secretary-Indian Affairs. On Tuesday, leaders of the Native American Church of North America (NACNA) convened at the Department of the Interior to ask the federal government to uphold its legal responsibilities in enforcing the American Indian Religious Freedom Act (AIRFA) of 1978. Peyote is a spineless, slow-growing plant, one that may take years to reach maturity in the deserts of south Texas and northern Mexico. Learn how to grow peyote with this easy to follow DIY gardening guide and you'll have your own peyote plant in no time! Possession of psilocybin, however minor, is a felony in Connecticut. Recently, Washington, DC has joined the few locations in the US where magic mushrooms (psilocybin) are decriminalized. They could experience euphoria, detachment, illusions or visual distortions. In 2008, magic mushrooms were banned in the Netherlands and replaced by truffles, which have the same main component, psilocybin. Peruvian torch cactus (dried) 515 grams. Although mescaline, peyotes main psychoactive ingredient, is banned as a Schedule 2 drug, Canadas Controlled Drugs and Substances Act specifically exempts peyote (Lophophora). This is because the state law views growers of magic mushrooms as potential traffickers. However, there are a few licensed suppliers who sell peyote buttons to individuals who wish to use them for religious or ceremonial purposes. Everyorder is processed by hand, so you will have more seeds than expected. Cultivating or selling the cacti itself is legal. Re: Lophophoralegalities question. Next week, representatives from Indian Country, including NACNA leaders, will testify to the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment and Related Agencies on a variety of topics, including protections of peyote and its habitat. Indigenous people in parts of North and Central America revere the plant as a way to accentuate their spiritual ceremonies. The Oregon Court of Appeals and the Oregon Supreme Court decided that Smith and Black had been in the right, having only consumed peyote in a religious ceremony. Peyote is used recreationally by some non-Natives, and there have been efforts to decriminalize its use, which NACNA leaders say violate Native cultural and ceremonial traditions. Extremely slow growing, it can take 1030 years for the plant to mature before flowering. On the other hand, spores are legal in this part of the country, even for sale. Penalties duplicates on the second or subsequent offenses. It does happen to be illegal to own in the United States however. However, psilocybin remains a schedule I controlled substance in the state. Mescaline is considered a schedule 9 substance in Australia under the Poisons Standard October For centuries, Mexican Indians and Native Americans in the Southwest have used peyote, a hallucinogenic cactus, for certain religious ceremonies and rituals. This is because it is a Schedule I substance. Peyote is a Schedule I substance regulated by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) and is illegal for non-Native people to possess. Y. ou must know the laws of your country and know before ordering that we cant be held responsible for an order which is seized. gardening and peyote cultivation is typically done by planting the seeds in well-draining soil and giving them plenty of sunlight. WebBest. So possessing this drug can lead to imprisonment or heavy fines. For example, the Peyote Foundation in Arizona was raided by local officials in 1998. Are magic mushrooms legal or decriminalized in South Carolina? This conclusion stems from the fact that Washington is home to a growing number of psilocybin advocates who are pushing for various drug law reforms to decriminalize the substance. Many arrive simply to find and experience peyote, which grows in the scrubland around the region. But before we look at its medicinal side, first let's find out what the plant is all about. WebPeyote cultivation is a time-consuming process, as the plant can take up to 13 years to mature. Unfortunately, the Kansan legislators show no interest in modifying this law, so it will probably stay like this for a while. Possessing or selling spores is not a crime in this state. Are magic mushrooms legal or decriminalized in Louisiana? However, there is a strong interest in legalizing natural therapeutic substances in the state. On the other hand, spores are legal in Montana. The peyote cactus, mostly thelophophorawilliamsiiis endangered in the wild,wehave to do something to protect it to stay in thenature. The state hemp program was initiated in 2020, including the release of cultivation licenses. Are magic mushrooms legal or decriminalized in Nebraska? A violation is a wobbler offense meaning it can be charged as either a misdemeanor or a felony.. On the contrary, the substances use, sale, or cultivation has illegality fines or imprisonment penalties. Peyote is extremely slow to grow, taking more than 10 years to grow to maturity in the wild. Still blows my mind that the government made harmless plants highly illegal. What is a Tomato Hornworm and How Does it Affect Your Crops. Again we have no idea what the laws about harvesting or possessing peyote are, so we cannot stress it enough to learn the laws in your area. You can read more about the legality and ceremonies on the proper pages. In the Virgin Islands, psilocybin is an illegal substance. 2022. You've just added this product to the cart: Welcome to the home of the precious cactus, the, The main purpose here is to help, save, conserve and preserve, Contact us to check if the phytosanitary can be made for your order. In addition, Missouris MO Rev Stat 195.017 lists psilocybin as a schedule I controlled substance. On the other hand, the trade and possession of spores are entirely legal. Signed into law by President Jimmy Carter, AIRFA protects the rights of Native Americans to exercise their traditional religions and ensures access to sacred sites and the use and possession of sacred objects. QuigleyQuagmire 8 yr. ago. Due to its recent amendment, it is unlikely that the law will change concerning the use, possession, or sale of psilocybin. Are magic mushrooms legal or decriminalized in Guam? In Title 37, Chapter 27, Article II, Idaho authorities describe psilocybin as a hazardous substance. He has a bachelor\u2019s degree in Criminology & Law Studies from Marquette University in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. However, it is legal to possess and even sell spores since they do not contain psilocybin or any illegal compound. Within the cactus, is the chemical mescaline which creates a psychedelic high. However, at the moment, psilocybin is a Schedule I substance, which carries one of the most severe penalties the state has to offer. It has been used for centuries by indigenous people for religious and medicinal purposes. Is peyote legal in UK? Jeremy Mack was part of a Native American church that authorized mushrooms in controlled circumstances. As such, the intent to manufacture and distribute comes with much stiffer penalties. However, there is a growing movement in this state to relax the law regarding psilocybin and to treat mushrooms as a natural remedy. Native Americans may gather around a fire and share peyote, as a shaman or ceremonial leader chants and sings, guiding participants through the experience, which may last 10 hours or longer. The per capita social cost of drug misuse has even been reduced by more than 20% since the change. The decision reached in Employment Division of Oregon v Smith was reversed in 1994 with the passing of the American Indian Religious Freedom Act. WebPeyote (Lophophora williamsii) is a cactus that has been used for ritualistic purposes by the indigenous people of Mexico, as well as in some parts of Texas and the Southwest United States. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. List of legal psychoactive substances around the world, Title 77, Chapter X, Subchapter e, Part 2070, Entheogenic Plants and Mushrooms Act of 2020, Xapuri Shroom Strain Massive Shrooms With an Equally Impressive Potency, Psilocybe azurescens 101: The Flying Saucer Shrooms, Blue Honey: What It Is, How to Make It, and Why Its the Best Way to Take Magic Mushrooms, How to Make Shroom Tea: Step-By-Step Guide. Is it illegal to grow If you're just interested in experiencing It isn't easy access to peyote. Along with mescaline, psilocin, and LSD, possession of psilocybin carries severe criminal penalties and can result in up to five years in prison and a fine of up to $2,000 minimum. Substances on this list are considered the most dangerous. We are located in the US, so here Peyote is illegal except for use in religious ceremonies. The law also prohibits the manufacture or cultivation of magic mushrooms. This means that its use, sale, or possession will have severe consequences, such as imprisonment or expensive fines. Are magic mushrooms legal or decriminalized in Missouri? Peyote prefers a hot, arid climate and well-drained soil. For example, the Peyote Foundation in Arizona was raided by local officials in 1998. section 124.203, psilocybin is a hazardous substance. The committees scope would be to work collaboratively to create and implement a conservation plan for peyote that manages healthy cultivation and harvesting of peyote. WebPeyote (lophophora williamsii) is Schedule I in the United States. WebIn Florida, law enforcement officials have launched many operations and programs to investigate marijuana-growing cases. Although he got arrested for possession, the supreme court of justice defended the religious man because psychedelics were part of his spiritual practices. Some states allow use for religious purposes, Arizona says spiritual purposes, iirc. Especially considering that there are several other legal cactus species, growing in households and garden stores Are magic mushrooms legal or decriminalized in Alaska? The use of peyote can be unsafe, potentially This may be the beginning of future attempts to decriminalize psilocybin. Yes several municipalities in California have moved to decriminalize natural psychedelics, including Santa Cruz and Oakland. Peyote cactus (dried) 1 gram. Are magic mushrooms legal or decriminalized in Tennessee? Quick Summary: Whats the Legal Status of Magic Mushrooms in the US? "Peyote Is Endangered, Spiritually Sacred and Becoming Legal" AIRFA was amended in 1994 after the Supreme Court ruled in Oregon Employment Division v. Smith that the use of peyote was prohibited by anyone Native or non-Native by the state of Oregon in 1990. However, Colorado seems to be far from decriminalization at the state level. Growing peyote is not difficult, but it does require some patience. However, the federal government does create exceptions for the Native American Church, allowing its members to use the plant for religious purposes. Peyote is not considered to be dangerous when taken in small doses, but it can be harmful if taken in large amounts or if it is combined with other drugs or alcohol. The main active ingredient in ayahuasca is DMT, a compound that produces powerful hallucinations. For possessing even small amounts of psilocybin, you can spend up to a year in jail with a clean criminal record. Psilocybin is illegal in Alaska, and it doesnt seem like the laws will change shortly. The main active ingredient in peyote is mescaline, a compound that produces hallucinations and dream-like states. "Native American Church of New York v. United States, 468 F. Supp. Are magic mushrooms legal or decriminalized in Delaware? Are magic mushrooms legal or decriminalized in Hawaii? Spores, however, are legal because they do not contain psilocybin. In Tennessee, possessing psilocybin is a Class A felony. Ayahuasca is traditionally used by indigenous people in shamanic rituals. "Ethiopian Zion Coptic Church. In addition, Idaho is one of the few states where magic mushroom spores are illegal. Psilocybin is legal in Amsterdam, specifically but remains illegal throughout the rest of the country. WebUnder Health & Safety Code 11363 HS, California law makes it illegal to cultivate (that is, to plant, harvest, dry or process) peyote or other mescaline-containing cacti. In Canada, physicians can use the psychedelic drug to help develop therapies for future use. It is not likely to change shortly eitherGeorgia also has very restrictive laws regarding cannabis. However, possession of the drug carries severe penalties, but who is to say that Hawaii could be one of the first places to reverse this situation? The main problem though is, that possession of this specific cactus is prohibited under federal law. WebWe are located in the US, so here Peyote is illegal except for use in religious ceremonies. Magic mushrooms themselves arent banned in the US its their active ingredients, psilocybin and psilocin. At the moment, psilocybin is illegal in Hawaii. Peyote (Lophophora williamsii) is a small cactus that grows underground only its top ( or "button," which is about the size of a baseball) is visible. Magic mushrooms remain highly illegal throughout the rest of the state. Illegally, most peyote grows on private land, and procuring it requires trespassing. [3b] We have weighed the competing values represented in this case on the symbolic scale of constitutionality. Leaders hired a panel of addiction experts who recommended eliminating criminal charges for drug possession and redirecting the money towards treatment programs and subsidies to provide jobs to people during recovery. 16. Peyote is native to North America, while ayahuasca is native to South America. Use or trade can result in undesirable penalties such as fines of thousands of dollars or even imprisonment. All other species are perfectly legal to grow (except in California). Possession of psilocybin in Minnesota is just as serious as possession of cocaine or heroin. Follow This Project As It Develops Sign Up For Our Monthly Newsletter To Receive News & Updates, Follow This Project As It Develops Sign Up For Our, Harm Reduction: Educating Your Children About Drugs. Possession of psilocybin mushrooms can result in serious criminal charges, fines, or even imprisonment.

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